Non-communicable Diseases

Globally NCDs are the leading causes of disease burden because of increasing longevity and high prevalence of contributing factors such as tobacco use, obesity, physical inactivity and unhealthy diets. This survey had been designed to get the information on overall availability and readiness of the health facilities on providing non-communicable diseases mainly Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases, Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Cancer and disability related services throughout the Bangladesh. This study also explored the barriers and challenges on service provision and seeking which will help us to visualize the domains of health systems which need to be improved for further betterment of the health system. WHO SARA standard tool/facility inventory questionnaire was used for data collection. Specific Service availability and Readiness was assessed for 64 districts in 541 facilities of specific service provision. Overall, 48.1 percent of health facilities reported offering diabetes diagnosis and/or management services. 70 percent of Tertiary Hospitals reported availability of guideline whereas in District Hospitals it was 68.3 percent. The study recommended to build capacity in staff at the various levels of health care for Non Communicable Diseases and disabilities.

Assessing service availability and readiness of health facilities in providing mental health-related services (all tiers) in Bangladesh survey was conducted during February-June 2019 by CIPRB) with the financial and technical assistance from the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) Bangladesh. This study was designed to assess service availability and readiness of health facilities in providing mental health-related services (all tiers) in Bangladesh. The study also explored the health-seeking behavior and stigma of patients in health facilities. The study population is the health facilities of different tier for the Mental Health SARA section. Results show that 89% of the tertiary and specialized hospital provides mental health services. Whereas, half of the district hospital responded assertively to the query. Upazila level and private level hospitals provide the service in less than 50% of the facilities in each tier. The overall mean score of the respondents for the IASMHS scale was 3.3 which was just above neutral. The lowest score was obtained in the section of ‘psychological openness’ towards mental illness and its treatment. While the attitude of people was stigmatized on few specific aspects of relationship maintenance, anxiety around having a mentally ill patient nearby and identifying a mentally ill person in the society, somewhat positive attitudes were noted about the treatability of mental illness and the professional efficiency of our professionals.

Injury is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh as many other middle and low income country. For preventing injuries, we need to know the pattern, magnitude of injuries. To understand these dimension of health problem it is necessary to compare data with other regional and global data. WHO has developed the ICD coding system in recognition of this requirement. ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). We developed a user manual for injury data collection based on ICD 10 which is developed by WHO. Various steps were taken to develop this manual. The study was conducted at Raiganj upazila of Sirajganj district. About 539 injury cases were identify with all fourteen types of injury. Data collection was supervised by doctors. We determined feasibility of using of ICD 10 code in injury surveillance by non-medical data collectors by sensitivity of the manual which was reflected by the correct percentage of diagnosis made by data collectors using manual, time required for the diagnosis and perception of data collectors about this manual. We conclude that it was feasible of using ICD 10 code in injury survey by non-medical data collectors. Using ICD 10 manual helped us to collect data at primary level by standard coding system.

The majority (31.4 million) of deaths due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) occur in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), which remain largely unprepared to tackle the issue. Major behavioral risk factors for NCDs include unhealthy diet, lack of physical inactivity, and tobacco use, which contribute to NCDs such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, dyslipidemia, and obesity. With the rising burden of NCDs in LMICs, it has become difficult to achieve the sustainable development goal of a 30% reduction in premature mortality from the four major NCDs by 2025. NCDs are most effectively prevented through a combination of a population or whole-of-the-society approach and an individual-focused intervention for risk reduction. A cross sectional study was conducted including mixed-method study design with both quantitative and qualitative components to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and process evaluation of the research. The study area of this project was Raiganj Upazila, Sirajganj, Bangladesh. This study included 03 unions of Raiganj Upazila namely Dhangara, Dhubil, and Brahmagachh unions as study area. The study initiated with a comprehensive desk review, encompassing research articles, reports, project proposals, and program documents, to understand the NCD landscape in the community. The research then identified key risk factors following WHO guidelines, including unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, overweight, tobacco use, drug addiction, and reduced fruit and vegetable consumption. Moreover, a mapping exercise was also conducted to identify relevant stakeholders from various sectors such as health, education, agriculture, private industries, media, and civil society to establish a holistic, whole-of-society approach to NCD control. In addition, stakeholder orientation meetings were conducted to sensitize key stakeholders to the NCD burden, emphasizing the need for school-based interventions, dietary improvements, exercise promotion, and smoking prevention.